Schmidt's Noticing Hypothesis
Second Language Acquisition
Acquisition requires the learner to notice the gap between the foreign language and their native language.
The side-by-side layout forces this noticing by making structural differences — word order, case endings, verb position — visually immediate.
You don't study grammar rules; you see how the languages diverge.
Krashen's Input Hypothesis (i+1)
Second Language Acquisition
Optimal input is slightly above your current level.
An AI rewrites each article to your CEFR proficiency level, turning previously inaccessible content into readable material.
You already understand the concepts from the English column — only the linguistic form is new.
Desirable Difficulty
Cognitive Psychology
Challenge mode blurs the English translation until you hover over it, creating productive struggle.
Reading the foreign language first and checking English after leads to deeper encoding
than having both visible simultaneously. The effort is the point.